CNC machining is generally more cost-effective for simple parts. While complex geometries can be produced, they often require multi-axis setups, which increase both time and cost. Tool access can limit design flexibility, as the size and angle of cutting tools affect reach. High setup costs can raise per-part prices for small batches. Additionally, as a subtractive process, CNC machining generates material waste. However, raw material blanks are typically less expensive than the powders used in additive manufacturing, which helps offset waste-related costs.